Automatic switch.



No. 706,083. Patented Aug. 5, I902. M. MOSKOWITZ.

AUTOMATIC SWITCH.

(Application filed Sept. 28, 1901.)

(No Model.)

WITNESSES UNITED STATES PATIENT OFricE.

MORRIS MOSKOVVITZ, OF BROOKLYN, NETV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO JAMES II. YOUNG, TRUSTEE, OE NETV YORK, N. Y.

AUTOMATIC SWITCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 706,083, dated August 5, 1902.

Application filed September 28. 1901. Serial No. 76.842. (No model.) i

To all whom it may concern: B is the storage battery, and L the lamp- Be it known that I, MORRIS MosKowlrz, a circuit. resident of the borough of Brooklyn, in the D is the switch-arm, preferably of mag city and State of New York, have invented netic material, so as to constitute an armature 5 certain new and useful Improvements in Au instead of requiring a separate armature for tomatic Switches, of which the following is a the electromagnet. The switch-arm is pivspecification accompanied by drawings. oted at one end and carries movable switch- The invention was devised for use in a carcontacts F at its other end. It is provided lighting system in which the generator was with slots X, which form guides for the re- 10 driven from the car-axle, and was consetracting-weight G, which fits the guides, as

quently subject to reversals in the direction shown, and may be clamped to the guides by of rotation and to variations in speed and in a bolt or screw J, the resiliency of the weight which a storage battery was employed for itself allowing suflicient movement of the feeding the lighting-circuit when the genjaws to permit the clamping. The adjust- 15 erator was disconnected. \Vhen the genment of the weight along the arm varies, the

erator was in use, it charged the battery as retracting force acting against the attraction wellas fed the lamps. Under such conditions of the magnet. The fixed switch-contacts E it is highly desirable that thegenerator should are included in circuit in series with the sebe automatically connected with the circuits ries windings I of the electromagnet and the 20 when the necessary speed and electromotive armature A of the generator, so that when force are attained and automatically cut out the generator is connected in circuit by the from the circuit when the electromotive force contacts F the current flows through the seof the generator is overpowered by the batries coils I and the contacts E F E and ditery and the current begins to discharge in Vides it to supply the lamp-circuit L and 2 5 the reverse direction through the generatorcharge the battery 13, thence returning to the armature. negative brush of the generator. The mag- Of course in the broader aspect of the innet-coils O are preferably of the type shown, vention the switch is applicable generally to and upon them are wound both the series a Variety of uses, and particularly to gencoils I and the shunt-coils II, the latter being 30 erators subject to change of electromotive connected to the respective brushes of the force and working in connection with a sepagenerator. rate source of electromotive force which is The operation of the device is as follows: liable to reverse the currentin the generator- Supposing the switch to be opened and the armature and discharge through the armature generator not in use and then supposing the 3 5 if the eleotromotive force of the generator generator to be gradually started from astate falls too low. Ihave selected for illustration of rest, the current in the magnet-coils II the switch as adapted to and combined in a gradually builds up until it is sufficient to atcar-lighting system with a storage battery for tract and raise the armature or switch-arm feeding the lights when the generator is dis- D and close the circuit at F. The adjustable 40 connected. retracting-weight G enables the apparatus to Figure l is a schematic or diagrammatic be adjusted so that this will occur when the 0 drawing of the portions of the system directly generator has developed the necessary elecconcernedin the presentinvention, but showtromotive force to overcome that of the bating the automatic switch in full. Fig. 2 is an tery 13. As soon as the circuit is closed at F 45 end view showing the switch-arm in cross the generator supplies the lamp-circuit and section, but the retracting-weight and the also charges the battery, and the series coils 5 electromagnet in full. I then carrying the current insure the main- A is the generator-armature, and A the taining of the contacts closed at Fthat is to field-magnet, shown,for example, self-excited. say, the coils I are wound so as to add to and not oppose the magnetic effect of the coils H. If now the speed or electromotive force of the generator decreases until it falls below that of the battery, then the battery tends to discharge in the reverse direction through the coils I and armature of the generator. A very small difference in eleetromotive force between the battery and the armature is of course sufficient to cause the discharge of a large current from the battery through the coils I, and these acting to deenergize the electromagnet 0 allow the retracting-Weight G to draw down the switch-arm D and break the circuit at F, disconnecting the generator. The switch therefore constitutes means of connecting and disconnecting the generator automatically at the proper moments.

For the sake of clearness I have omitted various regulating devices which are generally applied to such a system to maintain a constant potential in the lamp-circuit L and have also omitted certain other accessory devices that would not aid to an understanding of the invention.

The characteristic features that distinguish the invention are stated in the following claim:

The combination with the series and shunt Wound electromagnet of a pivoted switcharin actuated by the said eleotromagnet and provided with guides for a Weight, and a weight fitted to said guides and sliding thereon and having integral with it two clampingjaws and a clamp-screw by which it may be fixed in position thereon.

Signed this 27th day of September, 190] at New York, N. Y.

\Vitnesses:

E. VAN ZANDT, II. S. MORTON. 

